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Diversity and Endemism of Ficus L. (Moraceae) in Selected Mountains in Mindanao, Philippines
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Issue

thnhmjournal vol20 no1

Authors

Wella Babe Sitoy
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Maramag, 8714 Bukidnon, Philippines
Fulgent Coritico
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Maramag, 8714 Bukidnon, Philippines / Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM), Central Mindanao University, University Town
Maria Melanie Guiang
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Maramag, 8714 Bukidnon, Philippines/ Center for Natural Science Research, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Maramag, 8714 Bukidnon, Philipp

Abstract

Abstract

Ficus species are keystone components of tropical ecosystems, playing a vital role in sustaining biodiversity and ecological processes. The year-round fruit production supports a wide range of frugivores, aiding in seed dispersal and forest regeneration, thereby maintaining ecosystem s tability. Despite their ecological importance, research on the diversity and status of Ficus in the Philippines remains limited. Thus, this study provides baseline data on the species composition of Ficus in selected forest patches across Mindanao, Philippines. Fig species were documented through opportunistic sampling along forest trails, with identification based on morphological features and verified by a taxonomist. A total of 23 Ficus species were recorded, with the highest number found in Talangisog, Eureka, Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental (20 species), while Lilingayon and Kalabugao in Bukidnon each harbored 13 species. Notably, three species, Ficus multistipularis, F. cataupi (Endangered), and F. cassidyanna(Near Threatened), are listed as threatened under IUCN 3.1 criteria, and 16 species are categorized as Least Concern. Five species are confirmed Philippine endemics while all recorded species are native to the Philippines. The presence of threatened and endemic species emphasizes the ecological value and conservation importance of these sites. However, observed threats such as habitat loss, land-use change, and the narrow distribution of some species highlight the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts. This study not only fills a critical knowledge gap but also establishes a foundation for future ecological research and conservation planning for Ficus species in Mindanao’s forests.

Attachment

THNHMJ 20(1)-01 Sitoy et al. 2026.pdf

Keywords

abundance
conservation
threatened species
forest types

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