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Phylogenetic Systematics of the Needlefishes (Beloniformes: Belonidae) Taichiro

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Authors

Taichiro Toyama
Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology), Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan / Ibaraki Prefectural Fishery Research Institute Freshwater Branch, 15
Toshio Kawai
Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
Hisashi Imamura
Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan / Fisheries Science Center, Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hako

Abstract

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships of the family Belonidae with four related families (Scomberesocidae, Zenarchopteridae, Hemiramphidae and Exocoetidae) were reconstructed based on mainly osteological characters. A cladistic analysis resulted in three most parsimonious trees based on characters in 58 transformation series. The family Belonidae is inferred as a non-monophyletic group, due to the family Scomberesocidae nesting within the former, the clade including all belonids and scomberesocids giving rise to two subsequent clades, viz., Ablennes + Potamorrhaphis + Pseudotylosurus + Strongylura + Tylosurus + Xenentodon and Belone + Petalichthys + Platybelone + all scomberesocids. Belonidae is revised to include all belonids and scomberesocids, the two subclades comprising the subfamilies Tylosurinae and Beloninae, respectively. A key to subfamilies is provided for the family

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References

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